Two Minute Bit
Technology · ~1 min

Your phone's GPS would drift 10 km a day. So engineers built the clocks to run slow.

+38 µs/dayGPS says hereYou are here~10 km
Uncorrected, your GPS would place you 10 km from where you actually stand, every day.

Uncorrected, your GPS would place you 10 km from where you actually stand, every day.: You are here · GPS says here · ~10 km · +38 µs/day

GPS works by timing radio signals from satellites. But those satellites race along at ~14,000 km/h (so their clocks tick slower, per special relativity) while orbiting where gravity is weaker (so their clocks tick faster, per general relativity). The net: the clocks gain about 38 microseconds a day. Left alone, that compounds into roughly 10 km of position drift daily. So each clock is built to run slow by exactly that much before launch.

Why do GPS satellite clocks gain ~38 microseconds a day?

Relativity isn't abstract: it's pre-loaded into the GPS in your pocket, or the map lies.

Sources

R. Pogge, Ohio State University: 'Real-World Relativity: The GPS Navigation System'

confidence: verified · every bit is fact-checked before it ships

Keep going

Liked this one?

Get the best bit of the week in your inbox while we build the daily bit.

One email a week while we build. The daily bit is coming. Unsubscribe anytime.